The Citizens’ Commission on Civil Rights is a bipartisan organization established in 1982 to monitor the civil rights policies and practices of the federal government and to seek ways to accelerate progress in the area of civil rights. This analysis was written by Dianne M. Piché, Executive Director, and William L. Taylor, Acting Chair, with assistance from Pamela M. Cherry, Director of the Citizens’ Commission’s Title I Project. Phyllis McClure, Robert Rothman, and Kathleen Downey also contributed their expertise to the analysis. Khara Minter provided administrative assistance. The Citizens’ Commission is especially grateful to the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the Spencer Foundation, and the Annenberg Foundation for their support of our work in the area of Title I and public education reform.